The excellence of a society relies on the importance of SCIENCE in the community. In this century, by the emergence of information and communication technologies (ICT), the generation and SHARING of SCIENCE has been very fast. The e-SCIENCE terminology has been developed to introduce such revolutions. Also the progress of the society depends directly on the efficient generation and SHARING of the SCIENCE. Therefore, in this study, for the first time in the scientific community of Iran, the e-SCIENCE issue was investigated. Also, because of the novelty of the issue, after the introduction of e-SCIENCE, a service oriented architecture is presented in this environment. The components of the proposed architecture are based on three significant facts: data, computations and communications. Each of these components, individually have different elements. These components were extracted according to features of the architectures of related researches. These components together, facilitate generation and SHARING of the SCIENCE and knowledge. Finally, to illustrate the proposed architecture and relations between components, a case study is surveyed.

Objective: Knowledge SHARING is one of the key areas for knowledge-based companies and is one of the most important priorities for knowledge management practitioners in the world. Knowledge SHARING in the organization reduces costs in knowledge production and ensures the dissemination of working methods within the organization and enables the organization to solve its problems and issues, otherwise organizations in a competitive environment with many challenges and crises they face.Materials and Methods: The purpose of this article is to determine the weighting and prioritization of factors affecting knowledge SHARING in Guilan SCIENCE and Technology Park using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In the first step, based on knowledge management studies and literature, a researcher-made 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was created, which was distributed and collected as a questionnaire between two groups of external and internal experts.Results: Factors affecting knowledge SHARING were identified and categorized in four dimensions: 1) individual factors 2) organizational factors 3) socio-cultural factors and 4) technology factors. In the next step, in the form of a pair of questionnaires and with the help of Expert Choice software, these factors were prioritized and weighted. . According to the results of the second questionnaire; Socio-cultural factors (weighing 0. 340); Individual factors (weighing 0. 287), technological factors (weighing 0. 237) and organizational factors (weighing 0. 136) have the greatest impact on knowledge SHARING, respectively.Conclusion: It is suggested that the managers and policy makers of Guilan SCIENCE and Technology Park strongly support the socio-cultural factors in the organizational units with the help of human resources in order to make the most of the results of knowledge SHARING.

Objective: The present research aims to assess knowledge SHARING infrastructures in library and information SCIENCE departments which, in this context, include 1. To determine effective platforms based on LIS educators' attitude, 2. To find out the platforms provided by universities that they work, and 3. To identify the most common methods used for SHARING knowledge among LIS educators. Methods: The methodology of this study is based on survey research. The instrument for collecting data was questionnaire and the research population consisted of 120 faculty members working fulltime in the universities affiliated to the Ministry of SCIENCE, Research & Technology and to Azad universities. Out of this number, 93 questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 77.5%. Findings: Based on the educators' attitude "emails, workshops, conferences and journals" are the most effective platforms for SHARING knowledge. The research showed that providing knowledge SHARING platforms by universities is under the average level. In fact there is a gap between what LIS educators considered as effective platforms (such as conferences, workshops and scientific journals) & what w, SHARING knowledge through "formal meetings, participation in conferences, email and discussion groups & publishing articles in journals" are the most common methods used by LIS educators. Finally there is a relationship between platforms and methods used for SHARING knowledge by LIS educators. Originality/ Value: This study contributes to the promotion of knowledge SHARING. Additionally it helps university administrators to develop knowledge SHARING platforms based on their faculty needs.

The idea that SCIENCE is objective, or able to achieve objectivity, is in large part responsible for the role that SCIENCE plays within society. But what is objectivity? The idea of objectivity is ambiguous. This paper distinguishes between three basic forms of objectivity. The first form of objectivity is ontological objectivity: the world as it is in itself does not depend upon what we think about it; it is independent of human thought, language, conceptual activity or experience. The second form of objectivity is the objectivity of truth: truth does not depend upon what we believe or justifiably believe; truth depends upon the way reality itself is. The third form of objectivity is epistemic objectivity: this form of objectivity resides in the scientific method which ensures that subjective factors are excluded, and only epistemically relevant factors play a role in scientific inquiry. The paper considers two problems that arise for the notion of epistemic objectivity: the theory-dependence of observation and the variability of the methods of SCIENCE. It is argued that the use of shared standard procedures ensures the objectivity of observation despite theory-dependence. It is argued that the variability of methods need not lead to an epistemic relativism about SCIENCE. The paper concludes with the realist suggestion that the best explanation of the success of the SCIENCEs is that the methods employed in the SCIENCEs are highly reliable truth-conducive tools of inquiry. The objectivity of the methods of the SCIENCEs leads to the objective truth about the objective world.

Aim: This study aimed to identify barriers and strategic solutions for knowledge SHARING among companies operating in the Khuzestan SCIENCE and Technology Park.Method: As an applied research, it used mixed method. The research population included all managers and deputies of the companies located in Khuzestan SCIENCE & Technology Park, of which using Cochran formula, and simple random sampling method, 144 people were selected as the research sample.In the quantitative part of the study, the data collection tools was a questionnaire which its reliability was tested by calculating of Cronbach’s Alpha that ended up with the figure 0.921. The face and content validity method was used to check the validity of the questionnaire. For the Qualitative part of the study, semi-structured interviews run based on the results of the quantitative part.Findings: The results showed that among the components of the barriers to SHARING knowledge, with respect to the designated cut-off point, the technological factors were lower than the target average, while the cultural, structural and individual factors were equal to the average score.Therefore, considering the barriers and the outcomes of the interviews carried out, practical measures were suggested such as encouraging knowledge SHARING behavior of companies, holding workshops, undertaking large projects and specialized distribution of the labor and jobs among the firms.

The Abrahamic religions include the three monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. All of these religions consider Abraham as their ancestor, and they consider SCIENCE to be the knowledge of the universe and humanity, which are divine revelations. The framework of SCIENCE in the Abrahamic religions uses three basic concepts: 1) monotheism (as a fundamental principle, a single and all-encompassing Divine vision) 2) the universe (as a divine creation) 3) SCIENCE (as an all-encompassing knowledge about the world as the sign of God). The purpose of writing this paper is to find the common principles governing SCIENCE among Abrahamic religions, using a descriptive-analytical method based on library sources. The results of this research is an intellectual attempt to draw on the commonalities between various Abrahamic religions in the areas of constructive dialogue in the field of globalization, based on revelatory and spiritual teachings, to achieve the unification of the world, which is one of the divine promises and is rooted in the natural foundations of humanity.

Considering the importance of knowledge SHARING as the most important factor in the SCIENCE production process, this study investigated the relationship between these two variables from viewpoints of faculty members of Knowledge and Information SCIENCE at public universities in Tehran. This study was an applied and descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population consisted of 48 faculty members of Knowledge and Information SCIENCE of Tehran's public universities in 2019. Data gathering tools were two researcher-made questionnaires included: “knowledge SHARING” with 23 questions in 5 dimensions and “SCIENCE production” with 15 questions. Cronbach's alpha method was used to measure the internal consistency reliability of the items that was 0. 873 for “Knowledge SHARING Questionnaire”, and 0. 854 for “SCIENCE Production Questionnaire". SPSS software version 23 was used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship among “knowledge SHARING” and “SCIENCE production” (p<0. 001). Also, there was a strong and significant relationship between "production of SCIENCE" and dimensions of “research” acceleration, “facilitating the use of knowledge” research barriers reduction”, “clarification of knowledge gained” and “research development” (p<0. 001). Linear regression analysis also showed the effect of knowledge SHARING on the SCIENCE production. The results of this study showed that the success of the SCIENCE production process is in applying knowledge SHARING, and the development of scientific productions requires the use of tools, methods, suitable planning and scientific interactions.

Introduction: From a long time ago, benefiting from technology has been an inevitable thing for human interests, which is born and based on SCIENCE. It can be claimed that there is harmony between ethics, SCIENCE and technology, which promote each other. In this article, the researcher discusses this harmony and compatibility. Material and Methods: The current review study was descriptive and using the study of sources and research keywords among the books and articles published in the databases of Thomson Information Institute, SCIENCE Direct and Pub Med. Conclusion: As SCIENCE and technology continue to advance and become more integrated into our daily lives, ethical considerations become increasingly important. For example, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has raised questions about the potential implications of creating machines that can make autonomous decisions and take actions. If SCIENCE and technology were considered as a tool, it should have been able to subjugate humans and influence all aspects of behavior and values. While it has become a problem that eventually becomes aligned with morality by applying reason, and people now seek help from it as a tool.